Pearls Normative Clauses
4.1. General
Pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) shall be named and described in accordance with the definitions, clauses and annexes herein. This applies to descriptions in all publications and communications addressed to the public as well as to all commercial documents (e.g., advertisements, offers, labels, memos, delivery notes and invoices) and to appraisals.
4.2. Biological name
Pearls (5.118) and cultured pearls (5.48) that are not listed in Annex A or defined in (5 or 6) shall be described by the biological name of the mollusc from which they originate only.
NOTE: Biological name of the natural or cultured pearl may be used to correctly identify the natural or cultured pearl instead of the commercial name (Annex A). Use the descriptive adjective for the natural pearl or cultured pearl, if any is needed, as indicated in Annex A.
NOTE: the correct biological name preceded or followed by a colour description may substitute for any commercial name.
4.3. Approval of commercial names
all commercial names not listed in Annex A, whether new or old, shall be submitted to CIBJO for approval and inclusion within this standard or these rules.
4.4. The term „cultured‟
the term ‗cultured‘ (5.46 and 5.48) shall only be used for cultured pearls (5.48).
NOTE: the placing of an asterisk next to the word pearl making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact the product is a cultured pearl does not comply with this clause.
4.5. Display
when pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) are displayed for sale all clauses within this standard/rules shall apply. In cases where not all displays are devoted exclusively to pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84), or where jewellery is not decorated exclusively with pearls (5.118), cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) and imitation pearls (5.84) but contains one of these products, an easily noticeable label shall clearly indicate the precise nature of the objects being shown. For any piece of jewellery on display that is composed of pearls (5.118) as well as cultured pearls (5.48), composites (5.42) or imitation pearls (5.84), an easily noticeable and legible label adjoining each piece of jewellery shall clearly indicate the details of its composition in accordance with the clauses herein.
4.6. Geographical area
the names of specific geographical areas shall only be used to refer exclusively to pearls and or cultured pearls which are found or grown exclusively from that area e.g., ‗‗Biwa Cultured Pearl‘‘ (5.17) shall only be used to describe cultured pearls grown in freshwater bivalve molluscs in Lake Biwa, Japan, etc, unless the name of the geographical area is part of the commercial name as listed in Annex A, e.g., South Sea Cultured Pearl (5.165), etc.
4.7. The use of terms
Only those pearls that conform to the definition contained in 5.118 shall be described as natural pearls and only those pearls that conform to the definition contained in 5.48 shall be described as cultured pearls and all descriptions for pearls and cultured pearls shall conform to the content of all other clauses herein.
4.7.1. „Assembled/composite‟
Assembled/Composite cultured pearls shall be described by the words composite or assembled according to the composite construction (except when they can be defined as an imitation (5.84) and shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that it is an assembled/composite pearl product, and, in the event of a written presentation, shall be immediately preceded by the correct names of the components of the assembled product, the names of which shall be mentioned from the upper part downwards and be separated by a slash (/). Except where all parts of the assembled/composite pearl products are of the same substance (excluding any cement) when the name of this substance shall be stated only once. Do not abbreviate. The terms assembled or composite, in the event of a written presentation, shall appear with equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the names of the components. Do not abbreviate. If an assembled/composite cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programs, etc.) explanation shall be made that it is an assembled/composite pearl in the presentation and/or in the description of the product prior to the close of the sale.
NOTE: The placing of an asterisk next to any name or combination of names of a pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is an assembled/composite, does not comply with the requirements of this clause. Do not use a qualifying title other than ‗assembled‘ or ‗composite‘ to describe any product classified under (4.7.1).
4.7.2. „Cultured‟
the term ‗cultured‘ shall only be used for cultured pearls (5.48). This applies to all cultured pearls, whichever method or body of water is used for their formation.
4.7.3. „Freshwater cultured pearl‟
the term ‗freshwater cultured pearl‘ (5.65) shall always be used for cultured pearls that have been cultured in freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. When making reference to a freshwater cultured pearl, the words ‗cultured pearl‘ shall immediately be preceded by the word ‗freshwater‘ and shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation that it is a freshwater cultured pearl, and in the event of a written presentation, shall immediately be preceded by the word ‗freshwater‘, with equal emphasis and prominence, with characters of the same size and colour as those of the name itself. Do not abbreviate. If a freshwater cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes) explanation shall be made that it is a freshwater cultured pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale.
NOTE: The placing of an asterisk next to the name of a freshwater cultured pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is a freshwater cultured pearl, does not comply with the requirements of this clause.
4.7.4. „Freshwater natural pearl‟
the term ‗freshwater (5.64) natural pearl‘ (5.118) shall only be used to describe natural freshwater pearls (5.66).
4.7.5. Natural Pearl
The term natural pearl shall only be used to describe natural pearls (5.118) i.e., pearls produced naturally within a natural pearl sac (5.119) and without any human intervention.
4.7.6. „Oriental pearl‟
the term ‗oriental pearl‘ (5.131) shall only be used for natural saltwater pearls (5.155, 5.118) and shall not be used to denote the quality or appearance of a pearl.
4.7.7. „Pearl‟
If the word “pearl” (5.135) is used without qualification within a commercial document it shall be understood that the item being referred to is a “natural pearl”. However, to avoid confusion and /or misinterpretation in commercial documents, it is recommended that natural pearls be labelled as “natural pearls‖. The term “pearl” as used in the jewellery industry shall always be preceded with the term “cultured” for cultured pearls or the term “imitation” for imitations of natural pearls and cultured pearls in commercial documents.It is understood that the term ‗pearl‘ is not generic when used in the trade and as described in the previous paragraph, even if the term is used in a broader sense within the public domain.
The unqualified term “pearl” shall not be used when referring to an imitation or simulant of a pearl in either commercial or non-commercial documents.
4.7.8. „Saltwater cultured pearl‟
the term ‗saltwater cultured pearl‘ (5.48) shall always be used for cultured pearls cultured in bodies of saltwater. When making reference to a saltwater cultured pearl, the words ‗cultured pearl‘ do not need to be preceded by the word ‗saltwater‘ but shall, prior to the closing of the sale, require a verbal explanation only that it is a cultured pearl, this applies also in the event of a written presentation. Do not abbreviate. If a saltwater cultured pearl can be purchased without personally viewing the product, (e.g., direct mail, catalogues, online services, televised shopping programmes) explanation shall be made that it is a cultured pearl in the presentation and/or description of the product prior to the close of the sale.
Note -The placing of an asterisk next to the name of saltwater cultured pearl, making reference to a footnote explanation of the fact that the product is saltwater cultured pearl, does not comply with the requirements of this clause.
4.7.9. “Cut cultured pearls”
cultured pearls (5.48) that have been cut (5.50) shall be clearly described as half or three quarter cut cultured pearls.
4.7.10. “Assembled/Composite cultured blister”
Assembled/Composite cultured blisters shall be named and described in accordance with (5.8 and 5.49) and all other clauses herein.
4.7.11. “Assembled/Composite cultured pearls”
Assembled/Composite cultured pearls shall be named and described in accordance with (5.7) and all other clauses herein.
NOTE: The terms ‗assembled‘ or ‗composite‘ may be used interchangeably.
Articles source: THE PEARL BOOK, Natural, Cultured, Composite & Imitation Pearls — Terminology & Classification (Including information on modifications), 2013-08-12, CIBJO/Pearl Commission.
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