Pearls Farming : Pearls Glossary
- Baroque: irregularly shaped pearls.
- Circlé: pearls which have concentric grooves around the perimeter.
- Fouling, biofouling: small plants and animals that colonize the shell of the pearl oyster thereby becoming a nuisance.
- Gape: involuntary relaxation of a pearl oyster’s shell, often as a result of spending too much time out of the water or a weakening of the adductor muscle.
- Gonad: reproductive organ, produces either sperm or eggs.
- Grafting: also known as seeding or nucleus implantation; a surgical procedure in which the nucleus and a small piece of mantle tissue are inserted into the gonad thus starting development of a cultured pearl.
- Half-pearl: a pearl of a half-spherical or semi-spherical shape attached to the shell, forming naturally when an irritant is covered with nacre.
- Larva, larvae: early developmental stage of the pearl oyster life cycle when the pearl oyster is a microscopic and free-swimming organism. This period lasts 2-3 weeks.
- Keshi: means “poppy” in Japanese, a by-product of the grafting process, produced when the implanted piece of mantle tissue secretes nacre around itself, resulting in small, irregularly shaped pearls without a nucleus.
- Mabe: dome-shaped secretions of nacre developed over an artificial form attached to the shell. Sometimes also called half-pearls (see half-pearls).
- Metamorphosis: developmental stage involving anatomical and behavioral changes transforming the free-swimming larvae to a settled adult.
- Nacre: also called mother-of-pearl; the iridescent material lining the inside of mollusk shells, composed of calcium carbonate crystals (aragonite) deposited between layers of organic material; one of the types of shell material formed by the epithelial cells in the mantle tissue.
- Pearl sac: the tissue containing the nacre-producing epithelial cells that enclose the developing pearl. The pearl sac develops out of the transplanted piece of mantle tissue (the graft) inserted into the gonad during grafting. This term may also be used to refer to the extreme end of the gonad where the nucleus is inserted.
- Speculum: the tool used to open the pearl oyster shell.
- Spat: juvenile pearl oyster.
- Spawn, spawning: release of eggs or sperm by the pearl oyster into the water.
Article source: The Basic Methods of Pearl Farming, Author: A Layman’s ManualMaria Haws, Ph.D. (Director, Pearl Research and Training Program, Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 USA, Center for Tropical and Subtropical Aquaculture, Publication No. 127, March 2002)
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